Decisions and Communication

Grammar: obligation, advice and certainty. Choose one answer.

1 I must study today. What does must express here?

• A strong personal obligation
• A weak possibility
• A completed action

2 You eat anything you don't like. Choose the form meaning it is not necessary.

• mustn't
• shouldn't
• don't have to

3 You shouldn't smoke so much. The speaker is

• describing a past habit.
• giving advice.
• expressing permission.

4 She must be on the bus. The speaker

• thinks this is almost certainly true.
• is giving her an instruction.
• thinks this is impossible.

5 They should be there by now. Here, should expresses

• an expectation.
• a past ability.
• a prohibition.

6 She could have taken the wrong bus. This describes

• a possible explanation of a past event.
• an obligation she fulfilled.
• a definite plan for tomorrow.

Grammar: hypothetical decisions and reported speech. Choose one answer.

1 If it tomorrow, we'll go to the cinema.

• will rain
• rains
• would rain

2 If I a lot of money, I would travel around the world.

• would have
• had
• have

3 If I spoke French, I would have taken that job in Paris. Which time relationship is expressed?

• Both clauses describe a future plan
• A present ability affects a past decision
• A past action causes a present result

4 She said that she see me later. Report will using standard tense backshift.

• has
• would
• will

5 She asked me where

• was the Post Office.
• the Post Office was.
• did the Post Office be.

6 She asked me the window.

• closing
• to close
• close

Vocabulary: making and discussing decisions. Choose one answer.

1 I think I've the right decision.

• done
• made
• performed

2 We need a decision this by next week.

• at
• in
• on

3 The editor's decision is final. Here, final means

• made in a hurry.
• not open to further change.
• only a temporary suggestion.

4 You choose—I can't decide. Here, decide means

• make a choice.
• explain a rule.
• offer an apology.

5 They decided in favour of reducing the fees. They

• rejected the reduction.
• supported the reduction.
• postponed the reduction.

6 For most customers, price is the deciding factor. The deciding factor

• is considered only after buying.
• is irrelevant to the choice.
• has the greatest influence on the choice.

Vocabulary: precise and formal meanings. Choose one answer.

1 Time is another important consideration. A consideration here is

• a factor to think about.
• a final verdict.
• a formal order.

2 Pricing and product are key considerations for potential customers. Choose the noun formed from available.

• available
• availably
• availability

3 Don't forget to the cost of insurance into consideration.

• give
• make
• take

4 The judgment will be given tomorrow. In a legal context, judgment means

• a personal guess.
• an informal request.
• an official court decision.

5 They obtained a judgement in their favour. The outcome

• benefited them.
• went against them.
• was delayed.

6 I'd prefer to reserve judgement until I know all the facts. Reserve judgement means

• announce a decision immediately.
• accept an opinion without checking.
• wait before forming or expressing an opinion.